In this large cohort of 4202 patients followed in an anticoagulation clinic for MI, atrial fibrillation, or mechanical heart valves, researchers determined untoward effects (major thromboembolism or major hemorrhage) occurred at a rate of 4% per year. The optimal intensity (fewest number of untoward events) for heart valves was an INR 2.5-2.9, for atrial fibrillation was 3-3.4, and for MI was 3.5-3.9 (abstract).
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