In this meta-analysis of 24 studies involving 6605 thoracentesis, the overall rate of pneumothorax was 6%, and 1/3 of them required a chest tube. Protective factors were the use of USG and more user experience. Pneumothorax was more likely to occur during therapeutic thoracentesis and in patients with periprocedural symptoms. More experience and the use of USG can reduce the incidence of pneumothorax (abstract)
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