In this large meta-analysis of 61 randomized controlled trials, low dose ASA increased the risk of major GI bleeding by over 55% (OR 1.55, CI 1.27-1.90); but compared to low dose ASA, clopidogrel and anticoagulants almost doubled the odds of major GI bleeding (OR 1.86 and 1.93, respectively). The addition of a PPI to low dose ASA reduced the risk of major GI bleeding by 2/3 (OR 0.34, CI 0.21-0.57). This meta-analysis helps quantify the risks of GI bleeding with these 3 agents (abstract)
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